Black Family Reunions in the Cincinnati Region Research Paper

Black Family Reunions in the Cincinnati Region - Research Paper Example Black Americans also use family reunions as venues to memorize their coming to America and their lives as slaves of America. Family reunions also provide avenues where certain individuals in the Black America communities can search for lost relatives and sometimes trace their roots. Family reunions among the Black community in America take place at varying periods of the year. Some family reunions in the views of Smith commences on Christmas day, while others happen on 4th of July (487). The Most important fact about family reunions is that they occur every year. According to Smith, the most historic family reunion in America was the 1986 National Family Reunion Celebrations held at the National Mall in Washington DC (486). The Black Family Reunion of 1986 focused on restoring the liveliness of Family Reunions in the US. The National Family Reunion of 1986 attracted various individuals among them government agencies, private and public institutions, corporations and families from different ethnic aspects. According to Vargus, reunions great celebrations, Black family reunions take place at an annual basis and takes two to three days of busy celebration. In the reports of Ebony, African American families institute regular meetings of 50 to 350 attendants usually tabled at hotels and tourism centers. Black family reunions are simply unity congregations intended to bring together sparse and related families. Black family reunions are occasions for consolation and reconciliation of fractured families that faced the broth of slavery in America. In addition, Black family reunions in Cincinnati are avenues for making and strengthening peace and friendship, which are the core components of unity.  

Learning Team Objective Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Objective Essay During weeks four and five, we learned all about methods a company can have a picture of their overall fiscal rankings. A few of the subjects dealt with include using a report of cash flows to observe the coming in and going out of cash, assessing fiscal reports, the way to report the issuance of the various kinds of stock and dividend payments, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act influence. A report of cash flows indicates the receipt and payment of cash for the organization. The direct method is desired by the FASB, even though both ways are acceptable, and shows cash receipts and payments in operations whereas the indirect method changes net income which does not influence cash. To get commenced with a report of cash flows, the organization must change its net income from an accrual basis to a cash basis. Ultimately, an organization may decide their free cash flow to find out the amount of money is remaining after adjustments for capital expenses and dividends have been completed. The 3 methods of assessment are the horizontal, vertical, and ratio analysis. Horizontal assesses the fiscal report data during a period of time. This decides the increase or reduction which has occurred. Vertical analysis reports every item like a percent of base sum. This decides what amount of the total assets are existing assets or what amount of the net sales are selling expenditures. Ratio analysis reports the connection amongst the chosen items of the reports. This decides liquidity of assets, profits of the organization, and the solvency ratio informs if the organization is likely to survive over a long interval of time. Investors are able to use the cash flow report to find out if the organization has adequate cash to increase operations and pay dividends. The organization may use the information in the cash flow report to assess the effectiveness of operations. Cash flow from funding activities shows any modifications in debt, loans, or dividends. Issuing stock or rising long-term borrowing is actually a cash inflow. Paying dividends or decreasing liability is a cash outflow. Moreover, cash flow from operating activities calculates the modifications in cash flows from operations needing a calculation of the modifications in account balances in the balance sheet between accounting intervals. Scenarios may happen which result in unethical accounting routines because of lacking in the financial controls set down and followed by higher administration people. All six of these methods not just require to be set up but they must be adopted and enforced as well by way of assessment and follow-up. In case even one of the controls isnt set up in that case the opportunity may become open for unethical conduct. For instance, in case you dont specify duty by just having one individual accountable in that case it results in a lack of accountability if something is incorrect. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was put into operation in 2002 as a result of great number of unethical and fraudulent scenarios abounding in companies. This Act says that all publicly operated organizations should have noted internal fiscal controls in the organization. Organizations must submit an assessment of the effectiveness and value of their internal controls with their conclusion of year fiscal package. Regular outside audits are carried out to make sure compliance by the companies with this Act. In case violations are found anytime, penalties and fines might be enacted upon higher administration level people to include imprisonment. To conclude, over weeks 4 and 5 we have learned all about the ways of creating cash flow reports, the way to apply the 3 different ratios when deciding how nicely or lousy the organization is performing fiscally, the way to report journal entries of the issuance of stock and common stock and the way to announce and enter payments from dividends, and lastly the way to stay ethical in accounting and be in conformity with SOX.

United Nations Reform :: essays research papers

United Nations Reform Many of the UN's functions and responsibilities have come under weighty circumstances. For example, the delegation of revenue to it's ramifications and the standard of which â€Å"who† will â€Å"maintain† a seat on the security counsil are two of the main topics. First off, financing the United Nations 15 specialized agencies, the UN itself, and roughly 9,000 staff members (of which 40% are of professional grade) with the â€Å"Regular Budget† is a problem that continues to be a major threat to the continuation of the UN for two reasons: Some of the larger industrial countries, such as the United States and Russia, have been with-holding a portion of their assessed contribution due to their dissatisfaction with certain aspects of UN administration. The concern also exists that since all members must pay in U.S. dollars which are earned strictly through trade, the United States indirectly causes many developing nations to fall behind on payments. Secondly, the struggle just to maintain one of the two year seats on the SC has been a major concern. A yearning for a permanent seat on the SC has been expressed by many more countries. The European Union (EU)stated on April 9, 1996 that it feels strongly that the United States should not collect anything off of the UN because it is not contributing what it is supposed to. Many third world nations, such as Indonesia and Chile, are frightened by the attempts at cutting the UN's budget. Most countries feel Japan deserves a permanent seat on the Security Council. The UN proposed an elimination of 70 worldwide UN information centers on May 13,1996, With the supporting argument that with our current information superhighways these centers are becoming antiquated. Nations such as Indonesia and Chile argue that such cuts are unjust to those who have not been given the † Technological Gift.† The nation of Japan is going against what would normally be expected of us. We are not following along in the trail left by the United States in the ongoing struggle for the United Nations financial reform. Instead we hold ground in that everyone should pay their assessment. Japan also feels it is imperative for Japan to recieve a permanent seat on the SC, because it is the second largest

Begin With The End In Mind

The thesis topic, â€Å"Begin With The End In Mind† is from the book â€Å"The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People† written by Stephen R. Covey. Prior to writing this book Covey had over 25 years of experience dealing with business issues such as helping companies and their employees to be more effective and efficient in their work. Stephen R. Covey leads seminars teaching managers to â€Å"do the right thing† as opposed to â€Å"doing things right.† In a nutshell, that's the difference between being effective and being merely efficient. Stephen R. Covey is chairman and founder of Covey Leadership Center, a worldwide, 700 member leadership development firms. He is author of the phenomenally successful best seller The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People, with over 6 million copies sold in 32 languages. Dr. Covey is respected internationally as an author, lecturer, teacher and leadership mentor. For more than 30 years, he has trained thousands of leaders in business, industry, education and government. Stephen has a doctorate degree from Brigham Young University, an M.B.A. degree from Harvard University, and a Bachelor of Science degree cum Laude, from the University of Utah. He has served as an officer and board member of several corporations, an administrative assistant to the president of Brigham Young University, a visiting professor at the University of Utah and at Belfast Technical College, as well as a popular faculty member for the Young President's Organization. Dr. Covey is also the creator of â€Å"The Masters,† a nationally acclaimed management development program; publisher of Executive Excellence, an executive advisory newsletter; and producer of the Seven Habits video and audio training programs and organizer. He is married to Sandra Merrill Covey, and they are the parents of nine children. Overview of the Book: Stephen R. Covey's The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People was first published in 1989. Since that time, the seven habits he identified and described have been used by scores of individuals and organizations to improve their effectiveness. Stephen R. Covey's incredibly successful book is a pathway to wisdom and power. It offers a revolutionary program to breaking the patterns of self-defeating behavior that keep us from achieving our goals and reaching our fullest potential, and describes how to replace them with a principle-focused approach to problem solving. Covey in his book The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People explains in-depth the 7 habits that makes people effective in their work. In the book Covey explains the concepts by giving real world examples. He also guides the readers, how they can follow the 7 habits of highly effective people. Following are the 7 habits discussed by Covey in his book. 1) Be Proactive 2) Begin with the End in Mind 3) Put First Things First 4) Think Win/Win 5) Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood 6) Synergize 7) Sharpen the Saw Begin With The End In Mind: Great advice is often ignored because it sounds so matter-of-fact, makes such common sense, and is so simple that it just cannot be that good. Anyone could have thought of that idea, and probably has – so what's new? â€Å"Begin with the end in mind† is one such thought and is presented by Stephen Covey in his series of books on the 7 Habits of Highly Successful People. You have to think ahead to your goal or your destination before you can plan the steps or plot the route needed to reach it. And that makes good sense! STOP – right now – whatever you are doing. Now, ask yourself, what is the end (the purpose) of reading this thesis? If you do not know, then why are you reading it? Everything that you do, you do for a reason. However, you may not always be aware of that reason. Habit 2 â€Å"Begin with the end in mind† is all about knowing why you do what you are doing. Your starting point is a set of goals, targets, missions, visions or dreams. These give purpose to all that you do. If you do not follow this Habit; > You will spend your leisure time the way TV companies want you to > You will buy what advertisers want you to > You will take the first half-decent job that comes along > At the end of the day, you will have no idea what you have achieved If you do follow this Habit; > Your leisure time will be amazing > You will spend less and enjoy it more > Your job will match your desires and your talents > At the end of the day, you will look back over many worthwhile achievements To get into this habit; > At the end of every day, decide what you will achieve the next day > During the day, regularly ask yourself why you are doing what you are doing. If you do not get a good answer, do something else Imagine that our minds are like a camera lens. When we zoom in on the details, the big picture gets out of focus. And when we take a wide-angle view, we can see more opportunities and then choose which actions we'll take to seize those opportunities. A wide-angle view can provide the motivation needed to focus on all the details needed to make something happen. In Stephen Covey's book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, Habit #2 is to â€Å"Begin with the end in mind.† By focusing on the final outcome first, you can get clearer about what it would look and feel like if you were already there. This wider focus makes it easier to see more opportunities and possibilities than we can see when we only focus on the details. Author Stephen R. Covey in his theory presents a holistic, integrated, principle-centered approach for solving personal and professional problems. With penetrating insights and pointed anecdotes, Covey reveals a step-by-step pathway for living with fairness, integrity, honesty, and human dignity — principles that give us the security to adapt to change and the wisdom and power to take advantage of the opportunities that change creates. According to Covey, â€Å"begin with the end in the mind† means, you know where you are heading and you know what your destination is. In other word you should not start your trip without knowing your destination/Goal. For e.g. if you want to go to your friend's house, you need to know the exact address of the house otherwise you may waste your time and possibly you will not be able to reach his house. Just by sitting in the car and start driving you will not help you reach your friend's house. The most effective and efficient way of reaching your friend's house is to make sure that you have the address (The end) before you start your trip What is Goal? The definition of Goal is the end that one strives to attain. It's the object of a person's ambition, desire or final destination. Are goals really an end to something? They are just the beginning. Once you set and reach your goals you are on your way to achieving greater heights, unlimited heights. Here are some tips on goals. > The most successful people have goals. Their goals are specific, measurable and positive. Goals are not dreams, they are achievable within reach. > Goals must be achievable and believable. If you don't believe you can reach your goal then you won't. Make sure you are really committed to your goal. > Don't waste your time, energy and emotions on goals that you don't believe you can achieve. > Share your goal, write your goal down, look at your goal everyday. The best goals are the ones that cause you to stretch yourself in order to reach them. In other words if you want to set a financial goal for sales or business, set one that you think you can reach then add 20%. This will cause you to stretch and go beyond your comfort zone. How are you going to achieve your goal? Here's how you do it. > Think of a goal that is specific, measurable, explicit and positive. One that is reachable with a stretch. > Then you ask yourself, when do you plan to achieve it? 6 months? 1 year? 5 years? > Now work backwards from that point. What do you have to do? What are your monthly, weekly and daily milestones and actions? In other words what are your short-term goals to achieve your long-term goal? > Always keep the end/goal and the reason you want to achieve the goal in your mind. In this way you will stay determined and focused to achieve your goal. Make goals or choices that are: > Specific – Have a crystal clear picture of the desired outcome. > Measurable – How will you know you have achieved your desired outcome? How will you measure it? > Achievable – Create a step-by-step plan to accomplish what you want. > Relevant – Does this goal fit within the bigger picture (wide-angle view) of what is most important to you? > Time-bound – What is the timeline for accomplishing what you want? Begin with the End in Mind means to begin each day or task with a clear understanding of your desired direction and destination. By keeping that end in mind you can make certain that whatever you do on any particular day does not violate the criteria you have defined as supremely important, and that each day of your life contributes in a meaningful way to the vision you have of your life as a whole. Importance of setting Goal/End The key to success is setting up goals. If you have a goal then you will strive to achieve it, you will be motivated, and focused. If you have a goal in front of you, you will know what you want to achieve, and why you want to achieve those things. Therefore, if you know your goal, stay focused, and you know the reasons for achieving the goal then you will successfully achieve your goal. In work force there are 2 types of people: First types of people are the ones who are working because they have to feed themselves and their family. These are the people who do not look forward, who do not look at the end, and who do not have goals. As far as their basic needs are filled they are happy. They do not have any goals and therefore do not strive to achieve them. In most cases these types of people will remain at the same position from where they started. Second types of people are those who have ambitions, goals and they have the end in their mind. They are not satisfied with just feeding themselves and their family. They get satisfaction when they take a step forward to achieve their goal. They work hard and are intrinsically motivated. They are the employees who are successful and make the business successful because they have end/goal in their mind. They are most likely to get promotions in company very quickly. They will keep moving and will give their 100% to reach their destination/goal. For Covey a personal mission statement is the key to effective decision-making. Through a series of thoughtful exercises, Covey leads the reader to identify what is truly important in his or her life. A personal mission statement answers two essential questions: > What am I about? > Upon what principles do I operate my life? A person without such a mission, Covey writes â€Å"fluctuates from one center to another, the resulting relativism is like roller coasting through life. One moment you're high, the next moment you're low†¦There is no consistent sense of direction, no persistent wisdom, no steady power supply or sense of personal, intrinsic worth and identity. â€Å"The ideal, of course, is to create one clear center from which you consistently derive a high degree of security, guidance, wisdom and power, empowering your proactively and giving congruency and harmony to every part of your life.† Similarly, we believe it is important for every aspect of life, in a reflective and thoughtful way, to develop a mission statement. Imagine the rich conversation and the benefit to all of the people of the world if get to answer: 1) What is my life all about? and 2) Upon what principles do I operate? Mission statements, along with a set of goals, allow stating exactly what it desires for everyone -i.e., to define the ends toward which everyone is collectively striving. Searching for synergy and focus, one may want to encourage family, teachers, parents, community members, and themselves to help develop a certain mission statement. In this way everyone can â€Å"begin with the end in mind.† Typically, many people are successful managers-of their own lives, of their farms, of their homes, of their work or business interests-and it is often difficult to move from the tried and true management approach to the leadership function. Jesse Jackson is quoted as saying: â€Å"We do best what we do most.† It is difficult to step up to leadership issues when our comfort zone is in the management arena. Shifting the focus from the means (what we do most) to ends is tough work. We find it easier to debate the merits of a particular problem-solving approach-knowing in our heart of hearts that we are not accountable for actually solving the problem-than it is to determine the vision for the bigger picture The most effective way I know to begin with the end in mind is to develop a personal mission statement or philosophy or creed. It focuses on what you want to be (character) and to do (contributions and achievements) and on the values and principles upon which being and doing are based. In order to write a personal mission statement, we must begin at the very center of our circle of influence, that center comprised of our most basic paradigms, the lens through which we see the world. Whatever is at the center of our life will be the source of our security, guidance, wisdom, wisdom, and power. Who are busy people? According to Covey people who do not have goals/end are the people who are busy and are liability for their employers. People watching them might think they are working hard but in reality they are wasting their time and the money of the company they are working for. They have the tendency of rushing things; they will start things without knowing the cause and the effects. They will never plan and never look at the end. They are one of those people who will sit in the car without know where exactly they are going. These characteristics make them inefficient employees. Covey's words, the Logic Model and other tools encourage us to first think about what we want our final results to be, then to plan and carry out the steps required to reach those results, whether in our teaching, our personal lives or other situations. In teaching, think, â€Å"What do I want your students to be able to do when they leave the class?† rather than â€Å"How many experiments can you fit into the semester?† Consider â€Å"How should these producers change their practices after your session?† rather than â€Å"How many Power points can you fit into my 45 minutes?† Ponder, â€Å"What actions do you want these youth to take after the camp?† instead of â€Å"How can I keep these kids busy all day?† Covey says, â€Å"Begin with the end in mind is based on the principle that all things are created twice. There's a mental or first creation, and a physical or second creation to all things.† For example, when building a new home, we visualize how we want the exterior and each room to look. Then we develop the blueprint and gather the materials, then actually carry out the construction. In education, we visualize what we want our learners to do (the desired outcomes), then organize what we need make this happen (the inputs), then carry out the program (the outputs). Don't confuse urgency with importance: As you go through your week, there will undoubtedly be times when your integrity will be placed on the line. The popularity of reacting to the urgent but unimportant priorities of other people or the pleasure of escaping to unimportant activities will threaten to overpower the important activities you have planned. Your principle center; your self-awareness, and your conscience can provide a high degree of intrinsic security, guidance, and wisdom to empower you to use your independent will and maintain integrity to the truly important. Time management has evolved beyond the basic idea of organizing and executing around priorities, the author says. Many managers are good at scheduling their time and setting goals. So why is frustration so often the end result? Why do managers regress into primitive techniques, writing themselves notes, making checklists, keeping calendars and appointment books? It's because the object of management should be you, not time. Don't confuse urgency with importance. Crisis managers who live from one problem and deadline to the next always have one waiting. The only relief is in busy work-opening mail, making a few nonessential phone calls, wasting time in pleasantries. That overlooks the big middle and Covey sees his mission as sorting out what is really important for executives who don't have time to do so themselves. Covey has made a life study of personal paradigms and has found, among other things that â€Å"we never really understand what's going on inside another human being.† We're overdrawn on our â€Å"Emotional Bank Account.† When we try to persuade people of something, we overlook the ancient Greek art of rhetoric, which involves presenting our character and communicating our feelings before presenting the logical argument. Instead, we go straight to logic. A business organization jam-packed with effective people would really be a sight to see. The obstacles to being your own agent of change are so formidable that most people can only wish it will happen. If inspiration is the first step, this theory provides it. The evidence is now clear. A Vision for the END: Almost all of the world-class athletes and other peak performers are visualizers. They see it; they feel it; they experience it before they actually do it. They Begin with an End in Mind. You can do it in every area of your life. Before a performance, a sales presentation, a difficult confrontation, or the daily challenge of meeting a goal – see it clearly, vividly, relentlessly, over and over again. Create an internal â€Å"comfort zone.† Then, when you get into the situation, it isn't foreign, it doesn't scare you. Begin with the end in mind. (This is the Principle of Personal Leadership) Look at where you want to go. What does â€Å"being successful† mean to you? What is really important? â€Å"All things are created twice.† Leadership is the first creation. Management is the second creation. The leader has a vision. The manager implements the vision. Management is the efficiency in climbing the ladder of success: leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall. If you do not plan, things are going to evolve on their own and out of control. You need to re-script: impose your vision on situations, become the first creator. You may want to develop a Big Picture vision: it is your Personal Mission Statement. In this statement, you will have to include the following values: Security, Guidance, Wisdom, and Power. You need to recognize your centers. Some of us are spouse centered, family centered, money centered, work centered, possession centered, friend/enemy centered or religion centered. Try to find your de facto center. The ideal would be to be Principle Centered. To develop a Personal Mission Statement, you need to use your whole brain: your mind and your emotions; your logic and your intuitions. Then you can try writing a Mission Statement for your family, your organization. Security Represents your sense of worth, your identity, your emotional anchorage, your self-esteem, your basic personal strength or lack of it. Guidance means your source of direction in life. Encompassed by your map, your internal frame of reference that interprets for you what is happening out there. Wisdom in your perspective on life, your sense of balance, your understanding of how the various parts and principles relate to each other. Power is the faculty or capacity to act, the strength and potency to accomplish something. Covey lists several advantages to principle-centered personal decision-making, which can lead to achieving the desired results. > Proactively choose what it determines to be the best alternative, rather than reacting to other people or circumstances. > Make choices that are in keeping with its ultimate values. > Feel comfortable about your decisions because they are based on unchanging principles. You have to decide what your highest priorities are and have the courage–pleasantly, smilingly, nonapologetically — to say ‘no' to other things. And the way you do that is by having a bigger ‘yes' burning inside. The enemy of the ‘best' is often the ‘good.' Prior to any measurement one must have a target/reference, where one can find if that process has been improved or detoriated upon certain action taken. Key criteria must be established prior to any action. Although, it would be naive to celebrate any short-term improvement (apparent) without any action taken. What is the balance between leading and managing? It is important for us to clarify the difference between ends and means. The focus on the ends must be both individual and collective. People who choose to work at this level can begin at any point, and move out from there â€Å"We are more in need of a vision or destination, and less in need of a map. Leaders create their own destiny by following their internal compass. They make their life a mission, not just a career.† This habit refers to the fact that our behavior must not be driven at random, we must have precise objectives to achieve: Buy a house or a car; earn a degree in the university; achieve a promotion in our job. Every time we make an important decision we must ask ourselves if this decision is approaching our goal. Begin with the End in Mind means to begin each day or task with a clear understanding of your destination, thus making certain that whatever you do that day contributes to your ultimate goal in life. As we choose, so we become: Do you accept full responsibility for the choices you make? Have the choices you've made in the past taken you to where you want to go? Pretend it's your eightieth birthday and all your friends and family have come to celebrate. Each will get up in front of the group and reflect on your many accomplishments. What will they say? What do you want them to say? â€Å"Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice; it is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved.† – Unknown Different choices take us down different roads. To make sure that the road you choose will lead to your ultimate destination, it can help to imagine it's your eightieth birthday when all of your friends and relatives have gathered on the occasion to stand before you and describe all of the magnificent accomplishments of your life. When I hear others complaining about negative things happening in their lives, I am reminded that everything we have, everything we are, is a byproduct of the choices we make. Nothing happens to us that we do not choose, whether consciously or unconsciously. Want to have a better life? Make better choices. Our health is a good example. When we complain that we feel tired, run down, overweight or stressed out, perhaps we need to realize it's because of the poor choices we've made. A sedentary lifestyle or one filled with too much fat, sugar, caffeine or alcohol, will not result in a healthy body. Dr. Bernie Siegel asks his patients, â€Å"Why did you choose this disease?† Optimum wellness is a choice! And what about your career? Your mama didn't tell you to become a widget repairman! If you dislike your job and really want to make a contribution to society or express your true talents, heed the words of Nike and â€Å"Just do it!† The only thing standing in the way of the job or career you desire is you. Don't just sit around waiting for things to change to your liking because chances are they never will. You must be the change agent. You must manifest what is you desire! â€Å"Better Lives Begin with Better Choices† To make better choices and live the life of our dreams, we must focus on a couple of key questions. First, will this choice bring me closer to learning who I am and becoming who I want to be? We often make decisions and choices too quickly without taking into consideration the long-term consequences. Every decision today creates the world we will inherit tomorrow. Or looked at another way-your life today is the sum total of all the choices you made in the past. After you have identified the accomplishments that will in essence become your legacy, do what Stephen Covey says and â€Å"begin with the end in mind.† In other words, work backwards from where you want to end up in your lifetime and make choices today that will lead you there. Don't settle for anything less! Next, I think it is important to determine on a scale of 1 to 10, whether the choice you are about to make is your highest choice. How will you know? Your highest choice will always be the one that is void of any ego attachment and will reflect the inner direction of your soul. Normally, your highest choice will not be the first choice that comes to mind because the ego will usually override your soul and scream the loudest! The ego is very clever and knows exactly how to distort what it is we really want. Whenever I find I have made a poor choice, I usually realize that my ego found a way to shut out my heart. It's as simple as that. To quiet the ego and let your soul speak, you must be out of your mind. In other words, you must turn your mind off and let your soul, heart and feelings take over. Find some quiet time-get off by yourself-and without distraction, learn to be still. Then, move from the stillness to a meditative state. This will provide an environment in which the voice of the soul can be heard. The soul, you see, is a rather polite fellow. It will always remain quiet in the presence of more boisterous competition such as the ego. Your challenge is to find a way to get the ego to shut up just long enough for the soul to speak. During meditation, try on your various choices in the context of how you feel once you have made them. In other words, see yourself as having already made the decision. How does it feel? Do you feel lighter, happier, and full of energy? Or is there a queasy feeling in your gut? Repeat this exercise as many times as necessary until the decision lines up with your highest values and beliefs. Oh, and that little voice you're hearing in your head; listen to it! It's there to help you along the path. While we're on the subject of meditation, please understand that setting in the lotus position with your legs wrapped around your neck is not a requirement. Frankly, not many people can sit like that for any length of time. It may be a good way to learn to scratch your nose with your big toe but how often will that come in handy? Find a position that feels comfortable and relaxed so that you can focus your attention on shutting down the inner-chatter of your mind and finding the voice of your soul. As we choose, so we become. Don't look back at your life from your eightieth birthday and wish things had turned out differently. Learn to make better choices today that allow you to leave the legacy you desire. Turn off the noise, turn up the silence and choose to become your highest gift. A better life awaits you! From the Decision Maker's Point of View: Stephen Covey's Habit 2 is â€Å"Begin with the end in mind†. From the Decision Theory point of view, it is essential to have a way to rank the options. If it doesn't matter what happens, then there's no reason to think about the choice. Flip a coin. Throw some sticks on the ground and look at the pattern. Tea leaves. Bird guts. But if you want to choose, you need to know what you want to accomplish. That means understanding the likely results of each option and then choosing between options to achieve those results. To rank outcomes we need values. What is good? More money. Longer life. Good for whom? Just me? Just my family? From Pringles to Austria. So part of Deciding Better is knowing what you value. Then you can make decisions that maximize that value. And when you make inappropriate decisions- the car that impresses the neighbors, when you don't hold â€Å"others opinions of me† as a value, you might make a different decision. Or rethink your values, understanding that what you think you value and how you act don't match. So begin with the end in mind. You aren't choosing options, you are choosing between likely results. But we know that the future is uncertain. That's where simulation and imagination help you decide From the Management/Business Point of View: Be it in business, real life, religion or any other walk of life the second of the seven habits described by Stephen Covey in The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People Begin with the end in mind answers all the questions. Pause for a minute and remember when you first thought about running for the board of education. What were you hoping would happen? What did you want to accomplish? What kind of organization were you hoping to give your time to? Simply put: What end did you have in mind? Advance the tape a little. How well did you convey your hopes-your vision-your ends-to the other board members? Did your hopes converge with theirs? Did the other board members share your vision? Did the board find ways to â€Å"speak with one voice† as it clarified its goals and objectives? Now fast forward. You have been on the board for a few years. Newer members have joined you. How have their hopes been blended into the new board's vision? If you answered the questions above, you have taken the first step toward defining the â€Å"end† or outcome you want for your school board. The images that describe those outcomes are the basis of a personal mission statement that will keep you on tract as you make decisions. Covey quotes the president of an oil company who attended a Seven Habits seminar. The man understood the difference between leadership and management, and decided to withdraw from managing his company to assume a position of leadership. â€Å"It was hard,† said the CEO, â€Å"I went through withdrawal pains because I stopped dealing with a lot of the pressing, urgent matters that were right in front of me and which gave me a sense of immediate accomplishment. I didn't receive much satisfaction as I started wrestling with the direction issues, the culture building issues, the deep analysis of problems, the seizing of new opportunities†¦But I persisted. I was absolutely convinced that I needed to provide leadership. And I did. Today our whole business is different†¦We have doubled our revenues and quadrupled our profits†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You need to consider yourself, your family and your community. Sit down and figure out how much you need to support your lifestyle, save for a secure retirement, put away for a college education, vacation, hobby, or fulfilling a dream, tithe your church, pay fines at Rotary or contribute to the community chest. Now, ask yourself, what return do you want from your investment in your business? If you took those same assets and made reasonable investments in CDs, bonds or stocks, how much would you make? This, as a minimum, should be your profit goal for your business. Next, realizing that your expenses dictate the â€Å"end† where you need to begin, add up your overhead costs from your P&L and balance sheet. Add to this figure any increases you anticipate in overhead, such as increases in rent, utilities, insurance or capital expenditures like a new vehicle. Divide the total of all your expenses, personal and business, by your historical gross profit margin, and voilà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, you have your sales goal for the year! Well, maybe. Suppose that this sales goal is more than you want or can do because of such limiting factors as a shortage of qualified labor, a slowing economy or a commitment to your own sanity. Now, you have a choice: Modify the end you have in mind or think about how you can increase your gross profit By beginning with the end in mind, you are more likely to have a business that works for you. You can monitor your progress throughout the year to make sure you end up where you want to end up. By beginning with the end in mind, you can eliminate the nagging doubts about how much work to take or not. Instead, you know you are on a path that will meet your needs. You can have a whole new way of looking at your business and look forward to a successful year that is taking you where you want to go. Life is uncertain. Revolutionary entrepreneurs leap through conventions into the unknown. The future is waiting to be discovered. That discovery reveals itself in each moment. Our challenge is simple: to focus on what needs to be done now and trust that our next steps are enough. Taking a Religious Glance: Each of us should â€Å"Begin with the End in Mind.† We will one day stand before God. How does that affect where you are right now? How does that affect the direction that you are walking? It should give clarity of purpose to your walk for the end. It should motivate, encourage and direct. The reason that people wander aimlessly in life, many times away from God, is that they have never thought to â€Å"Begin with the End in Mind.† You can only know how to live if you first know where you are going. When we were born Muslims we probably began with the spiritual end in mind when we realized our need for salvation and obeyed the Lord's command to be baptized for the remission of our sins. We wanted to be sure that we pointed our spirits toward heaven. As we settled into living the Muslim life, however, we tended to lose sight of the end for which we were striving and settled into a comfortable accommodation with the world around us. We didn't want to be â€Å"preachy† and we didn't want to make waves about the spiritual condition or doctrinal status of other religious people. We didn't comment unfavorably about how the world violates God's will by its crime, delinquency and harmful habits. We became just so easy to live or work with. Prophet Mohammad said, â€Å"Inamal amalu bil niat† This means your acts are depended on your goals/niats. Covey said Begin with the End in Mind, the same thing which Prophet Mohammad said years ago. Or as another hadees proves that whatever we do today in this world; its ajur will be given to us when this world comes to an end; i.e.; â€Å"Dunya Aakhirat Kee Khaitee Hai† The comfort of Christianity may be deceiving though, because it goes against the experience of early Christians who found their lives to be somewhat of a struggle, Peter writes to Christians dispersed throughout the Mediterranean world and says that they â€Å"Have been distressed by various trials† (1Peter 1:6). James says, â€Å"Count it all joy, my brethren, when you encounter various trials, knowing that the testing of your faith produces endurance, and let endurance have its perfect result, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing† (James 1:3,4) Some of us who began with the end in mind may fall prey to an even more ominous danger posed by â€Å"Deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons, â€Å"the hypocrisy of liars seared in their own conscience as with a branding iron, men who forbid marriage and advocate abstaining from foods† (1 Timothy 4:1-3). It's easy to fall prey to people who strive to generate in us a desire for a new or novel approach to religion by decrying what they imply is a staid and stolid stance on Scripture as doctrine. They try to create in us the feeling that we are not as â€Å"spiritual† as they are because we insist on going by the Bible only at all times. Our struggle is going to be against arguments for preaching what is â€Å"politically correct† in the sense that it satisfies what the pollsters determine is â€Å"what people want.† Find out what people want, and give them that is the implied message of much that the â€Å"change agents† want to foist on the church. Our cry should be; â€Å"Sustain me according to Thy word, that I may live; and do not let me be ashamed of my hope† (Psalm 119: 116) we began with the end in mind – be saved and go to heaven. The devil is trying by every means to discourage us from keeping the end in mind. He is trying now to get the human kind to drop the Bible as their guide (â€Å"It's propositional truth,† he says) and listen to messages which are more comforting to all. He wants a trouble free religion for all, with no challenges, no stress, no trials, no temptations – but that will not lead to the end we had in mind at the beginning of our life. â€Å"But they will have to give account to him who is ready to judge the living and the dead. For this is the reason the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged according to men in regard to the body, but live according to God in regard to the spirit. The end of all things is near. Therefore be clear minded and self- controlled so that you can pray.† I Peter 4:5-7 My Point of View: As I watched David Beckham making his final winning shot, I realized that football provides some great analogies for life. Hundreds of moves and plays are required to reach the goal, yet it is impossible to plan each play before the game begins. The players can see the goal — to win the game — and they can predict what the next few plays will be, but they can't figure out the exact moves they will make by just standing on the sideline. They must take action and continuously look for their next few moves as they keep the goal in mind. They stay focused by remaining aware of where they are and what options are available to them. This sharp focus makes it possible to seize opportunities as they arise and ultimately win the game! During the game I overheard a friend ask, â€Å"Why is he running backwards with the ball? Isn't the goal the other direction?† My friend explained that the football player hoped to gain yards by running backwards, because he was creating space so he could throw a long pass. That's bigger picture thinking! How often do we plow forward with our next move without thinking about the bigger picture? Take a few minutes to jot down your response to these questions: > What are my most important goals or dreams for the coming year? > What would it look and feel like if I were already there? > How can I accomplish this with the greatest ease? Look through your wide-angle lens for the opportunities you may have previously missed. Be aware of where you are on your journey and what your next few moves will be. Then take action! Stephen Covey's second habit (Begin with the end in mind) will help you to move from dependence to independence. Procrastination! I know it well. From taxes to yard work to filing papers–you name it, I'm the expert procrastinator. I can put off doing anything, with style and ease. I file for college registration at the last minute without breaking a sweat. Am I proud of this? Well, admittedly, sometimes yes. I pat myself on the back and say â€Å"I have the amazing ability to get things done at the last minute.† Do I usually end up regretting my procrastination? Almost always. So I've had to learn ways to get things done now, on time. I'm still learning and always will be. Procrastination is a persistent thief! Procrastination is an expensive way to spend your life. Waiting until the last minute can even cost you your life. And when you â€Å"spend† your life mired in defering, you don't truly live. You are perpetually putting off living. There are numerous causes and explanations for procrastination, including, but not limited to: > Fear of success > Fear of the unknown > Lack of interest or motivation > Lack of information > Too much information > Indecision > Not knowing where to start > Too busy > Laziness I believe procrastination is one thing, which can be overcome by having an ulterior motive in life. In other words, get a clear vision in your mind (and on paper) of what you want, and where you want to be. This may seem contradictory to what I said about not worrying about tomorrow, but these two principles work hand-in-hand. By knowing clearly what you want to achieve, you can relax in the day-to-day details of accomplishing your goal. Secondly, being productive also means begin with the end in mind. Even for a simple meeting held to be successful one has to keep the end results derived from it in mind. Before you hold your meeting, you should know what you're trying to accomplish in the meeting and how you will know when you've actually achieved what you set out to achieve. In Simply Brilliant, Fergus O'Connell recounts the tale of a friend who writes down the minutes of the meeting before she actually holds the meeting. â€Å"Here's how I will know when the meeting has achieved it objectives,† says O'Connell's friend. Winners understand that success comes from a series of small steps that keep in mind their ultimate destination. We may have a dream and not know how or where to begin. If we map out how we will feel, think and act when we reach our goal, then Its time to begin building an internal kinesthetic sense of success. Each step reveals the next step. A series of steps, done with excellence and discernment, will lead us to our destination. Conclusion: Let's go back to the future†¦Imagine yourself reflecting on your life ten years from now. As you reflect, what is it you wish you had said or done? What vision is it that you wish you had been able-or willing-to articulate? Take some good advice from Stephen Covey: as you step up to the challenge of giving your life a meaning-you will make the best contribution if you â€Å"begin with the end in mind.† In summary, create and live by a personal mission statement. This may lead onto more specific goals and objectives, but the idea is that you try to live as the sort of person you'd like to be remembered for when you've passed on. â€Å"What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.† -Oliver Wendall Holmes Bibliography: > Seven Habits Of Effective People by Stephen Covey > Internet (Web Search from Altavista.com and Askjeeves.com) > Critical Analysis written by Michael Gray > Critical Analysis by Gary Vancil College of Business Management Begin With The End In Mind Page 1

Ceramic Art of Japan

HIS glazed pots â€Å"possesses a stunning and unusual Iridescent quality'. Yamaha has an Interest In rare ancient Chinese tea bowl glazes and glazes that have a three-dimensional quality that emphasizes peacefulness and purity. His ceramic can be expressed as calm, classic and very well balanced In aesthetic and his forms are Influenced by the mystical and spiritual power of giving life to hidden beauty. Yamaha himself has stated that â€Å"Harmony and unity are expressions of peace. I alma for my art to provide not only beauty, but also peacefulness.My quest has been not for the perfect form or perfect glaze, but for the mysterious effect that first drew me to this work: the contemplative tranquility evoked wrought line and light†. His ceramic of throwing, glazing, and firing are very complex and his vessels are pristine, dynamically simple, and the objects are very devoted to contemplation and is influenced by the panoply of the nature world, star-filled nights, geologic p henomena, undulating ocean waves and fiery red sunsets.Handmaid's collection of his work as a ceramic are awarded and hung up on many famous art museums all around the world, such as the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, , the Art Institute of Chicago, the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Another well-known Japanese ceramic is Abe Nanjing(1938-) who is very famous for his Baize pottery, Baize pottery is a type of Japanese pottery that is characterized by its iron-like hardness, and a reddish-brown color, and design from wood-burning kiln firing.Baize is originated from Kamala Prefecture, Japan and it is Japans oldest pottery and one of the six remaining kilns of medieval Japan. Abe Nanjing glazes his pottery (Baize) and then covers it with an artificial enamel glazes and natural ash glazes which make a unique Baize flair, in which some people say that his way of glazing destroys the original beauty of Baize pottery. In Baize' s eddo period pottery were glazed with white slip and completely hid the beauty of the Baize (Dark Age of Blaze).Imbibe Ware is when Baize clay Is colored by a deep black and covered by an Iron-rich liquid clay. Abe has a special ability to mix two different kinds of glaze, over glaze and natural glaze together and fire this and make pottery that Is rugged and has naturalistic austerity. Ceramic Art of Japan By Amy-Koura moved to the United States to study art history at Western Michigan University and with his master potter, Shires Mira for five years. Experimenting and completing throughout Japan and United States. His glazed pots â€Å"possesses a stunning and unusual iridescent quality'.Yamaha has an interest in rare ancient Chinese tea bowl balanced in aesthetic and his forms are influenced by the mystical and spiritual unity are expressions of peace. I aim for my art to provide not only beauty, but also pottery and one of the six remaining kilns of medieval Japan. Abe Nanjing glazes his Baize). Imbibe Ware is when Baize clay is colored by a deep black and covered by an iron-rich liquid clay. Abe has a special ability to mix two different kinds of glaze, over glaze and natural glaze together and fire this and make pottery that is rugged and

Justify the need for keeping records and describe the type of record that i would maintain The WritePass Journal

Justify the need for keeping records and describe the type of record that i would maintain Introduction Justify the need for keeping records and describe the type of record that i would maintain IntroductionTeaching recordsIndividual Records Summaries of complete class performance BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction Primarily, record keeping is a methodical process of keeping record of an organization or learning personnel by creating, capturing, maintaining, and disposing of. Nevertheless, methodical process guarantee that the record keeping is fundamentally for the purpose of evidence, precise and effective updating, well-timed availability, and restrict access to only accredit personnel (Business Dictionary, 2011). Furthermore, (Virtualib.Org, Unknown) states that assessment is the process of collecting data, which enables the teachers, pupils and parents to evaluate/assess the progress of the learning pupil. However, assessment is key element in the planning process and it can only be achieved through precise record keeping that enables teachers/learners to tracks to learning progress. Be it as it may, assess is a tool for studying the programme planning and teaching. Moreover, assessment calculates and tracks the potential improvement of the learning, teaching and achievement and leads the teacher/learners to the next stage to be achieved. Additionally, the main question is why do we need to keep records? Nevertheless, the types of record differ depending on the level of communication and what the context it will be used. Howbeit, the types of record are teaching records, individual records and overall records. Moreover, as said earlier it is a system of documentation that allows teachers to keep record of communication proceedings. Nonetheless, these proceedings records are kept as evidence for some many reason and they can be in form of Ofsted records, financial audit, information gathered during class/course program, health and safety communication. Conclusively, (Virtualib.Org, Unknown) cited that the types of records to be maintained are any form of communication with learners, parents and teachers. Howbeit, these are written evidence, written comments, observation, task discussing, oral questions, take home assignment and test, assessment work built into schemes of work, extension work, attainment in 5-14 targets (use of checklists), approved test results, cognitive Abilities Tests (C.A.T.) results, project co-operation work, self assessment, feed backs, teacher’s class reports and practical activities work. All the same, keeping records on primary needs enables for a reliable assessment on the act of intervening and this provides for a leaner with opportunity for a suitable progress towards a triumphant on reaching their learning goals. Yet, the types of records we keep ranges from different course activities during the time period of a learning program. Self evaluation form (session plan) Self evaluation form (micro teaching / teaching practise delivery) Summative profile and action plan Evaluation of learning experience Record of achievement: assessment Candidate unit declaration Peer group / tutor evaluation and feedback: micro-teaching / theory assessment Scheme of work Session plan Assignments with assessment front sheet and feedback record Enrolment forms ILPS Initial assessment Registers, training plans Teachers planning booklet Log evidence and Value Students/parents wistful desires Evaluation progress form Directions and visions Portfolio materials Howbeit, these are categorized in three form which are teachers record, individual record and summary record. Teaching records A short evidence of used teaching methods. A grading comment of how the learners are progressing. A short note of next steps. Tracking records of self assessment. Individual Records Collections of work. National test results. Records of self-group assessment. Indications of levels of achievement and progress. Tracking records of individual learners progress assessment Summaries of complete class performance An on-going record for learners working at different learning level based on their abilities. Principal collective courses of study area. Submitted of national test results. In addition, (Wayt, 2008) quotes that the policy on record keeping, assessment, and reporting is centred on the already existing Guidelines on Assessment 5-14 on good teaching practice. Howbeit, a record keeping shows precisely what a learner understands by what teacher has taught. Per contra, it allows the teacher to assess the summative progress of the teaching process with the course unveil who needs more learning assistance or which leaner is ready for more thorough work by showing more improvement or inadequate progress than expected. Moreover, it depict whether the teacher requires reconstructing any specific section of their teaching by assessing successes rate or weak point where teachers needs to improve. Additionally, (City and Guilds, 2007) proclaims that assessment can be classified in terms of their meaning and when they can be used. In any case, these assessment types are initial, formative, summative, formal and informal. Further, these assessment types are related, it is connected directly to teaching cycle and it makes the teaching cycle to be effective. BIBLIOGRAPHY Shelton. B. E, 2009. Real-Life Homeschool Record-Keeping Organizing, [online], Senior High: A Home-Designed Form+U+la, USA (.s.n.). Available at: homeschooloasis.com/art_10_reasons_to_keep_records.htm [Accessed on 11/04/2011]. Business Dictionary, 2011. recordkeeping system, [online], WebFinance, USA (.s.n.). Available at: igindex.co.uk/ [Accessed on 11/04/2011]. Wayt, S. 2008. Explain the need for keeping records and describe the types of records you would maintain, [online], Unknown (.s.n.). Available at:balance-therapy.co.uk/assignment%208.1.6.pdf [Accessed on 11/04/2011]. Virtualib.Org, Unknown. what is the need for record keeping in relation to assessment, [online], Virtualib.Org, Uk (.s.n.). Available at: google.co.uk/url?sa=tsource=webcd=1sqi=2ved=0CBoQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highlandschools-virtualib.org.uk%2Fpr_policies%2Fdocs%2FLearning%2520teaching%2Fassess.%2520record.%2520%26%2520report%2FASSESSMENT%2C%2520RECORDING%2C%2520REPORTING%2520POLICY.docrct=jq=what%20is%20the%20need%20for%20record%20keeping%20in%20relation%20to%20assessmentei=3hKlTeXiAsjU4waMv825Cgusg=AFQjCNHUSDzwrSn2UPXNogOg4mFwgLAiNAcad=rja [Accessed on 11/04/2011].

Rocky Point essays

Rocky Point essays The Transition of Puerto Pe Puerto Pes most popular tourist destinations. Discovered in the early 1920s by two wandering fishermen named Victor and Benjamin Bustamante, Rocky point seemed destined to remain a small fishermens encampment. That was, until a well known Mafioso and close associate of Al Capone named John Stone took interest in Rocky Point. In 1929 Stone had built Rocky Points first hotel and drilled a well so the town could finally have fresh water. Stone and his guests enjoyed fishing, hunting, gambling, and drinking (this was during prohibition) until 1931 when the Mexican government took away Stones business license and forced him out. Once again Puerto Pe In 1936 Mexican president Lazero Cardenas visited Rocky Point and he too, saw its vast potential and ordered a pier constructed for the fishing boats. He also began building a railroad to connect Rocky Point with Mexicali and the border. During World War II the United States government, along with cooperation of the Mexican government, built a paved road connecting Rocky Point to the border. The U.S. government feared attacks on its west coast ports and this gave them access to a backup port on the Sea of Cortez. In 1955 Rocky Points true calling was revealed when the shrimp industry really began to thrive. ...

Critique Essay Write

Critique Essay Write Critique Essay Write Critique Essay Write: Useful Help If you have received a task to cope with critique essay write, you have to answer some definite questions in your critique essays writing in order o meet all the requirements you professor name you. If you exclude any of them from your critique essay write you are running the risk to get a lower grade than you have expected from your critique essay write. That is why it is recommended to be very attentive and not to miss a thing. However, all the answers you give should not be just simple common answers, which presuppose the answer of yes or no. All the answers you give in your critique essays should be of an extended character. Thus, here is a list of the questions you have to answer while your critique essay write assignment completing: whether the topic of the essay you have to discuss is an captivating one: whether the topic is relevant one whether the choice of the topic is well-grounded by the author whether the content and context coincides with the stated topic whether the essay is built up with the help of the existing structure whether the essay meet all the demands and requirements from it in whole whether it is evident or not whether it is furnished with some examples, anecdotes, proverbs, sayings, or quotes. whether the essay is cohesive and logically connected one All the above-mentioned questions are those to get the answers in the frames of your critique essay write. However, remember that all the answer should be built upon the rules of critic. If you manage to do it, you are going to win a prize, which is A+ grade. If you fail to do it, you will never get the grade you want to. Do You Need Professional Help? If you feel that you are in need of some additional critique essay write help, you are welcome to visit our custom essay writing service. There you are going to find everything you need in order to write successful critique essays, which are worth of the A+ grade. Just visit our site and all the questions you have will be professionally answered. We wish you good luck with your critique essay write and hope that the information we have presented in this very article is going to help you a great deal during the process of critique essays writing. Interesting posts: Writers of Term Papers Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music Term Papers Medieval Knights Term Papers Essays Term Paper Topics

Digital electronics logic gates Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Digital electronics logic gates - Lab Report Example The same gates were again used to setup circuits that performed the 1’s and 2’ complements of a 4-bit binary. The first experiment required that we find, from the manufacturer’s data sheet, the pin configuration or connection diagram for the 7402 and 7400 quad 2-inputs NOR and 2- inputs NAND gates ICs respectively, and then apply Vcc and ground to the correct pins. We found out that the ground is applied in pin7 and Vcc in pin 14. We then went ahead and setup the circuit as indicated in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 is a NAND gate and thus the IC we chose to use is the 7400 IC; on the other hand, Figure is a NOR gate and thus the 7402 IC was used (Kumar 689). After connecting the input to a 0 and a 1, we recorded each output and produced the truth tables indicated below, Table 1 and Table 2. Given these circuit configurations only had one input and one output, the circuits implemented produced the following truth

IB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IB - Assignment Example The other marketing strategy are franchising, licensing and other mode of entries. It is important for the retail business, opening stores abroad retail business cannot succeed. The price of the product, the promotion strategy, store design and customer service of an international retail business should be appropriate for business to prosper. A company needs to look into many factors like political, environmental, social and technological when entering a international market. In an international business the governmental policies, weather condition, the needs and demands of people from various culture and technological influence affect the success of the business. Other factors like pricing and promotion strategy and customer service also affect the business promotion on an international platform. The company has to analyze the marketing strategy by taking into account ins strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. In such a case this garment company will be able to enter the international business in a successful way. E-tailing is a business operation of retailing which occur with the help of internet. It has been introduced in the 20th century and is a business to consumer transaction. According to Rouse (2005)â€Å"E-tailing began to work for some major corporations and smaller entrepreneurs as early as 1997 when Dell Computer reported multimillion dollar orders taken at its Web site†. In e- tailing the online catalogues and business management is done with the help of software tools. This new technological retailing is the new trend in Western countries. In this type of retailing, the consumer interacts with virtual shops to purchase their services and products. In this system, the customer can pay online acquire products by courier and shipping service. Since a decade there had been a hike in E- tailing in western countries however it is still in an infancy stage. Across the world,

Film assignment Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film assignment - Movie Review Example All the couples find their means and the logistics of getting to the mountains. As the movie depicts each couple’s journey, the audience realizes that all the couples are having rough patches in their marriage. This justifies the purpose intended for the retreat. On arrival in the house, activities of the week were expected to be spontaneous since they did not have a stringent schedule. Mike, Sheila’s husband preferred to take along Trina to the retreat, although she was single. Mike and Trina took a flight while Sheila faces the compulsion of driving to the mountains and faced a serious snow storm, a factor that made her arrive the following morning. On the night she was away, her husband cheated with the single lady he had brought along (Telsch n.p). The first morning in the mountains was marked by serious arguments by all the couples. In the days that follow, serious revelations are made about each couple a factor that makes them plan their journey back. However, Sheila and Mike chose to divorce because of the infidelity while the other couples leave the mountains for home. The rest of the movie depicts the actions taken by the three remaining couples to reconcile at a point whereby they were tempted to separate. In the end, the three couples reconcile while Mike and Sheila remain separated. Sheila moves on with Troy, whom she met on her journey to the mountains (Telsch n.p). The four couples face a dilemma of either separating from their partners or making the efforts to save their marriages. Some of the characters are struggling with infidelity or the loss of interest in their partners while others have focused on careers forgetting their marriage. Through the four couples, the audiences identify different causes of tensions in their marriages (Telsch n.p). Who were the most significant characters in the movie?

Ss310 unit 8 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ss310 unit 8 - Research Paper Example hat grew out of the Great Society initiative can most succinctly be concentrated to those dealing with poverty and the level of racial equality within the United States. As such, it is without a doubt that the level of racial equality since Johnson’s time has improved greatly. This of course does not mean that ours is a society without any racial conflict; however, great strides have been made to include the use and application of affirmative and a host of others. With respect to poverty and its representation within the American society, the same cannot be said. If one measures the overall level of poverty that existed during the Johnson administration as compared to the overall level of poverty for each proceeding decade, the trend is saddening. This is due to a host of economic factors and cannot ultimately be attributed to the government’s failure or success in implementation of the Great Society; however, it is indicative of the level of success that such a program has experienced. As such, it is the opinion of this student that taken as an aggregate, the overall success of the Great Society would be a solid C to C-. This is due to the fact that although great strides have been made with regards to racial equality as a function of government programs, directives, and legislation, the level of poverty itself has not shrunk and in many ways has grown to encompass an even larger segment of American society. With regards to the level of faith that this student has with regards to whether Social Security and/or Medicaid will be available during my entire lifetime, the answer to this question is that I have little if any faith that these programs will be there for the entirety of my life. The reason for this is the level of short-sightedness with which successive Congresses and presidents have dealt with this issue. Moreover, as each successive administration promises to ensure that these programs continue to exist well into the future, the fact of the

My Occupational Reseach on Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Occupational Reseach on Engineering - Essay Example The expected growth of manufacturing in the United States will positively impact the occupation. The demand for engineers will grow as new technology comes out into the marketplace. To become an engineer one must complete a bachelor’s degree in engineering from an accredited university. The three engineering specialties with the highest demand are civil, electronics, and mechanical engineering. The growth in civil engineering jobs is directly correlated to the growth in construction in the United States. In 2008 there were 1.6 million engineers working in the United States. The specialty with the most jobs was civil engineers with 278,400 jobs. Nearly 36% of the engineers working in the U.S. were employed in manufacturing settings, while 30% were employed in professional, scientific, and technical service industries (Bls). The job outlook for the profession in the near future is positive. Engineering jobs are growing at about the same rate as other professions. The state of the U.S. economy will determine the job growth opportunities for engineers in the near future. The median salary for engineers varies by specialty, but the lowest median salary in 200 8 was agriculture engineering at $68,730

Ss310 unit 8 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ss310 unit 8 - Research Paper Example hat grew out of the Great Society initiative can most succinctly be concentrated to those dealing with poverty and the level of racial equality within the United States. As such, it is without a doubt that the level of racial equality since Johnson’s time has improved greatly. This of course does not mean that ours is a society without any racial conflict; however, great strides have been made to include the use and application of affirmative and a host of others. With respect to poverty and its representation within the American society, the same cannot be said. If one measures the overall level of poverty that existed during the Johnson administration as compared to the overall level of poverty for each proceeding decade, the trend is saddening. This is due to a host of economic factors and cannot ultimately be attributed to the government’s failure or success in implementation of the Great Society; however, it is indicative of the level of success that such a program has experienced. As such, it is the opinion of this student that taken as an aggregate, the overall success of the Great Society would be a solid C to C-. This is due to the fact that although great strides have been made with regards to racial equality as a function of government programs, directives, and legislation, the level of poverty itself has not shrunk and in many ways has grown to encompass an even larger segment of American society. With regards to the level of faith that this student has with regards to whether Social Security and/or Medicaid will be available during my entire lifetime, the answer to this question is that I have little if any faith that these programs will be there for the entirety of my life. The reason for this is the level of short-sightedness with which successive Congresses and presidents have dealt with this issue. Moreover, as each successive administration promises to ensure that these programs continue to exist well into the future, the fact of the

The Fencing Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Fencing Problem - Essay Example Let us consider the square of sides 'a.' The Perimeter of square = Summation of all sides = a + a + a + a = 4 * a The Perimeter is given as 1000m 1000 = 4 * a a = 250m = each side of the square Area of square: A = a2 A = 2502 A = 62500m2 Hence if the shape the of the plot is square then the area that can be covered with the fencing of 1000m is 62500m2 Rectangle: Let the two sides of the rectangle be 'a' and 'b' Case I: Let side b = 2 * a i.e. the sides are in the ratio of 2:1 The Perimeter of rectangle = sum of all sides = 2 * (a + b) Here b = 2a P = 2 * (a + 2a) 1000 = 2 * (3 * a) a = 166.6m and b = 2 * 166.6 = 333.2m Area of rectangle A = a * b A = 166.6 * 333.2 A = 55511m2 Hence if the shape the of the plot is rectangular with sides in the ratio of 2:1 then the area that can be covered with the fencing of 1000m is 55511m2. Case II : Let the sides be in the ratio of 3:2 i.e. b = 1.5 * a P = 2 * (a + b) 1000 = 2 * ( a + 1.5 * a) 1000 = 5 * a a = 200m b = 1.5 * a = 300m Area of rectangle A = a * b A = 200 * 300 A = 60000m2 Hence if the shape the of the plot is rectangular with sides in the ratio of 3:2 then the area that can be covered with the fencing of 1000m is 60000m2. Equilateral Triangle: The equilateral triangle has three sides of the equal lengths. Here the three sides of triangle (a) will have length as: Total length of fencing/ 3 a = 1000/3 a = 333.3m The area of equilateral triangle is given by: A = * Base * Height A = * a * H The height of equilateral triangle is given by: sin60 = H/ side of triangle (a) H = sin60 * 333.3 (Angle 60o is the internal angle of the equilateral triangle) H = 289m A = * 333.3 * 289 A = 48098m2 Hence if the shape the of the...In this essay we shall first study the circle considering the perimeter as the circumference and from that finding the radius of the circle which than gives the area of the circle which can be covered with 1000m of the fence. Then we shall consider the square shape, for which first we shall find the sides of the square and then the area of the square. Thereafter we shall consider rectangle; in this we shall consider the sides of ratios 2:1 and 3:2, with the procedure same as that of the square. Then further we shall consider the triangle; first equilateral triangle is considered. For this the sides and the height of the triangle are found out and from that we get the area of the triangle. Then we have considered other two triangles; isosceles triangle and right angled triangle with the similar calculations. Thereafter various polygons are considered. Beginning with the pentagon its sides and the height are found and from that the area of the pentagon is found out. Similar approach is followed for the hexagon and the octagon. In the essay detailed calculations are shown for the various areas. The shape, which gives the maximum area, is also found and then the recommendations accordingly have been made. The calculations carried out are simple mathematical calculations. Pentagon is a type of the polygon with five sides. The sum of total angles inside the polygon is 3600.

The Use of Light in Bill Henson and Caravaggios Work Essay Example for Free

The Use of Light in Bill Henson and Caravaggios Work Essay Through the use of light, artists continue to receive a strong emotional response from the audience. This is an essential element of an audience’s perception of a work – it may determine whether the artwork is perceived as happy or depressing, or even provides the difference between whether the work is friendly and welcoming, or shocking and confronting. Artists have used light for a long time to stimulate the emotions of the viewer. Two artists that have used this technique are Bill Henson and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, or more simply known as just Caravaggio. Bill Henson is a contemporary Australian photographer, born in 1955, while Caravaggio was an Italian painter (1571 – 1610). When Henson’s photographs are viewed through the subjective frame, they are looking to induce an emotional response from the viewer, while through the cultural frame, they are depicting the themes and issues of adolescence, isolation, the urban landscape and more. When Caravaggio’s work is similarly viewed through these two frames, his paintings induce an emotional response from the viewer, and his work is culturally significant. His paintings are often depicting scenes from history, a recurring theme being religious scenes from the bible. There is a similar key tool used by both artists to reach their audience. This is their use of light. Both Bill Henson’s and Caravaggio’s work includes a similar dominant stylistic device. This device is called ‘chiaroscuro’, which is an Italian term, meaning ‘light-dark’. It refers to the tonal contrasts used in art. Caravaggio was a pioneer of a style of painting called Tenebrism (literally translating to ‘murky’), in which a leading aspect was the dramatic lighting and prominent, heightened chiaroscuro. Caravaggio’s use of tenebrism brought a dramatic feel to the subjects, heightening the emotional intensity of the work. This intensity was then transferred to the viewers through the subjects of Caravaggio’s works. The subjects were most often realistic human figures, which made the work extremely easy to sympathise with. Caravaggio effectively portrayed emotion in his paintings, dramatising his figures and bringing a story into his work. This is why his art was so successful in reaching his audience and connecting him with the art world. This is a similar concept in Henson’s work. Most of his subjects are human figures, assisting him in the representation of his ideas in a confronting, direct, and sometimes controversial way. The way that Henson achieves the same effect of chiaroscuro in his photographs as Caravaggio does in his paintings, is through his underexposure and adjustment in printing. Henson’s work is powerful, creating an illusion of both a painting and a film through a combination of different techniques that make his work unique. The most prominent feature and device of Henson’s work is his use of light. The majority of his work features dark tones and colours, sometimes slightly tinted with yellow, red or blue. The brighter portions of Henson’s photographs and his use of light is tactically well controlled to uncover only crucial details. In some of his photographs, Henson juxtaposes the colourful yet mysterious, distant city lights through the use of bokkeh, with the underexposed, graphic images of the subject in the foreground. Some examples of this in his work include several images from the Untitled 2000/01 series, such as the girl sitting, the girl that is lying down, yet at the same time positioned so to look as if she is in flight, and another image of a girl lying on her stomach, Untitled #52. A combination of all of these devices is how Henson creates a mood for his photographs and opens his art to the world. He attracts the attention of audience and raises their awareness of a situation and his view of it, yet he still leaves his work open for interpretation and analysis. In a way, Henson’s work is almost haunting. It allows the viewer to feel as if they are almost spying on the subjects of Henson’s photographs. This is achieved by the way his photographs seem to stare right past the viewer, carrying on with their actions. This forces the audience to consider whether these are really models or actors, or if they are real life, documented figures. This is seen in his photograph of the girl in Untitled 2000/01. Through the use of chilling tones and contrast, along with his use of bokkeh, Henson allows the viewer to interpret the image in several different ways. The soft, pastel blue tinge on the girl’s skin suggests an almost unhealthy and dirty look, while the blurred city lights in the background aid with the image’s sense of mystery. This feeling of â€Å"spying on the subject† is also seen in Henson’s work Untitled 1994/95, as well as Untitled 1995/96 series where Henson’s use of white space highlights the possibility of a peephole or vantage point of sorts into the image’s environment. This is also a prime example of how Henson uses light to stimulate the emotions of the viewer. Surprisingly, during the time of their exhibition, Henson’s works did not spark much controversy, despite the particularly touchy subject of nude adolescent girls being exhibited in them. It was more recently, however, that a controversial issue was debated about Henson’s works, and a police investigation had even been issued, as well as Prime Minister Kevin Rudd commented on Henson’s works, and referred to them as â€Å"absolutely revolting†, of â€Å"no artistic merit† and â€Å"that Bill Henson† was becoming a notorious household name. For Henson, this criticism was nothing out of the ordinary. It was the product of his works being open for varying interpretations from his audience. His works empower the audience to experience their own diverse selection of emotions, and these emotions vary by interpretation. Caravaggio’s use of chiaroscuro was very unique. Artists had used it before him, but he was the one who perfected the technique and used it flawlessly throughout his works. Caravaggio’s work was emotionally provoking for audiences, as the severe contrast of shadow and light created a new feeling of passion in his paintings, mixed with harsh reality. There is no doubt that Henson was influenced by Caravagesques and Tenebrists. Caravaggio was an expert in darkening the shadows in his work and drawing attention to the subject by placing them in a mesmerizing light. Some examples of his work where he did this include Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1598/99, as well as The Entombment of Christ, 1602/03. These are only two examples, but his use of chiaroscuro is seen throughout every one of his works. Not only did this technique fixate the attention of the viewer on the subject, it heightened their emotional response to the painting. All his paintings scream of, and were filled with, drama and emotion, and the key component of him achieving this was through his use of light, almost burning the image into the viewer’s brain. Both Bill Henson and Caravaggio are surprisingly similar in several ways. Both their works are realistically appealing, yet confronting. Henson creates painterly photographs, while Caravaggio successfully creates cinematic paintings. However, there is one particular thing that ties these two artists together and shows their similarity exceptionally well, and this is their extensive use of light to set a mood to their work, and to evoke an emotional response from their audience. â€Å"Work a great deal with evening effects, a lamp, a candle, etc. The tantalizing thing is not always the source of light, but the effect of light. † – Edgar Degas.

Media Representation: Body Images

Media Representation: Body Images Images of female bodies can be seen everywhere. Womens bodies are seen on commercials and billboards selling everything from food to cars. Popular actresses on television and in movies are becoming younger, taller and thinner. We hear many stories in the news about actresses fainting on set from lack of food all the time. Gender and body image is portrayed negatively in many different ways throughout the media in todays society. It is estimated that we are exposed to over 3,000 advertisements every day. This makes advertisements a very powerful educational force in society. It can be seen that advertisements sell more than just products. They sell values, images and concepts, love and sexuality, and popularity and normalcy. They ultimately tell us who we are and what we should strive to be. Men, women, teens, boys, and girls all identify people by how they look, to body size and shape, to clothes, as well as hairstyles. Therefore, the way we view our body and image can have a large impact on the way we feel about ourselves. For the most people, especially with adolescents, body image is strongly influenced by mass media and advertising. When looking into advertising within media representation and self body image one can see how powerful of an outlet advertising can be in our current society (Advertising: Its everywhere, 2010). Advertisers emphasize body image and the importance of physical attractiveness in order to sell products. They hope to persuade society that something needs to be added or fixed, because what we have is either not enough or good enough to meet the high demands that society puts on satisfaction. Womens magazines are full of articles convincing women that if they can just lose those a little more weight, then they can have the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career. The standard of beauty that is imposed on women is difficult to achieve and maintain and therefore, the cosmetic and diet product industries are sure to profit and grow off the high beauty standard. It is no surprise that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty in todays society. Aging is looked at in the media as an issue that needs to be dealt with and ultimately stopped all together (Gerber, 2010). Adolescents are the main target for most media outlets because they are particularly vulnerable and inexperienced consumers. They are still learning their values and roles and developing their self-concepts. Most adolescents are sensitive to peer pressure and find it difficult to resist (Kilbourne, 1999, p.129). This constant exposure to negative body image advertisements may influence individuals to become self-conscious about their bodies and to obsess over their physical appearance. The beauty industry is an extremely large industry that profits off the negative self-esteem and body image of many women in todays society. Women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion dollars a year selling temporary weight loss products (Cummings, 2005). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls. The American research group Anorexia Nervosa Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control, such as fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2010) . The Canadian Womens Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6 years old (The Canadian Womens Health Network, 2005). Another study conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled Appearance Culture in Nine- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction, notes that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner and as a result, they have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting (Clark, 2006). In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that fifty to seventy percen t of normal weight girls believe they are overweight (Gibbons, 2003).Overall research indicates that ninety percent of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way (The Canadian Womens Health Network, 2005). Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight (Kilbourne, 1999, p. 47). Many of the media images of female beauty are unattainable a majority of women. The media continues to set unrealistic standards for what body size and appearance is considered normal. If you look through any magazine or turn on the television, you would see collarbones, hipbones, cheekbones and rib cages as the overall trend in Hollywood. Celebrities like Mary-Kate Olsen and Nicole Richie, both of whom have been reported to have eating disorders, can be seen in designer clothing with designer handbags and gorgeous men along with them. This is the model of success for many adolescent girls. Most of these girls look up to and admire these celebrities and are therefore taught at a young age that Barbie is how a woman is supposed to look; tall, blonde, big breasts, and extremely thin. Barbie in reality is so thin that her weight and body proportions are not only unattainable, but also unhealthy (Gerber, 2010).. Researchers have generated a computer model with Barbie-doll proportions and have found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad president of Mattel, the manufacturer of Barbie, estimated that ninety nine percent of girls between the ages of 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll (Greenwald, 1996). Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences (Gerber, 2010). Researchers report that womens magazines have more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearance through either diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery (Gerber, 2010). Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a womans worth. Canadian researcher, Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies and eighty percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter (Gerber, 2010). Billboards are one of the largest forms of advertisement. Advertisers tend to make these advertisements especially memorable so they dont go unnoticed. Sometimes, they overlook and take it too far. An example of this was a billboard advertising one of NBCs popular television shows, Friends. The billboard glamorized anorexia by picturing the three female stars of the show and beside them the phrase Cute anorexic chicks. The caption was originally meant to be looked at as a joke regarding the accusations towards the three women of having eating disorders and unhealthy exercise habits, which all of them denied. Although the billboard was removed immediately, it illustrated a spectrum of ads promoting harmful body ideals (Smith, 1999). What may really make a difference in this unhealthy trend are organizations that promote fighting back against the standards that the media presents. An organization that has helped do just that is the About-Face Organization. About-Face is a San Francisco based media literacy organization that concentrates on the effect of the mass media on the physical, mental, and emotional health of females. About-Face encourages personal activism against the thin body ideal. Since 1995 About-Face has been providing education and resources on this subject through research that indicates a relation between exposure to the idealized female in the media and the occurrence of eating disorders (About-Face, 1996). Another organization to promote positive body image is Dove. In 2004, Dove launched the very successful Campaign for Real Beauty which features real women, not models, advertising Doves products. The advertisement is composed of six women all with perfect skin, hair, and teeth. The only thing that is looked at as not perfect is their weight. The women within the Dove advertisement are supposed to portray real women instead of extremely thin models in in hopes to offset the unrealistically thin and unhealthy images associated with modeling and advertisements in an effort to widen the stereotype of beauty and boost sales in the process. The slogan real women have curves as well as the campaigns Web site, which features quotes from each of the Campaign for Real Beauty models, does a great job of capturing the overall message of real beauty (Dove, 2010) . The Campaign for Real Beauty has had a huge impact and response throughout the world. The six women in the U.S. ads are featured in national television spots, magazine advertisements, print advertisements and billboards in major urban markets in North America and similar campaign ads are being run throughout the world by Dove as well. The campaign and its influence on body image have been the topic of many newspapers and blogs, receiving mostly praise, but like any other media outlet, some criticism as well. Some question the legitimacy of real beauty messaging through commercial beauty products along with how the ads might affect women who still do not fit in with the portrayal of beauty in the Dove advertisements. Although the women are not touched up, the models in the series are still smaller than the average American woman at size 14. These women can be paid far less, but they can also break the sameness of advertising (Corbett, 2006). All of this attention is what Dove was really striving for in order to get the message across. According to a press release, Dove wants to make women feel more beautiful every day by challenging todays stereotypical view of beauty and inspiring women to take great care of themselves. The use of women of various ages, shapes and sizes is designed to provoke discussion and debate about todays typecast beauty images (Prior, 2004). According to a study conducted by Dove, only two percent of women describe themselves as beautiful. Sixty three percent strongly agree that society expects women to enhance their physical attractiveness. Forty five percent of women feel women who are more beautiful have greater opportunities in life. The study also looked at the degree in which mass media has played in portraying and communicating an unrealistic view of beauty. More than two thirds of women strongly agree that the media and advertising set an unrealistic standard of beauty that most women coul d not ever achieve. Women feel they are surrounded images unrealistic beauty. The majority wish female beauty was portrayed in the media as being made up of more than just physical attractiveness. Seventy five percent went on to say that they wish the media did a better job of portraying women of diverse physical attractiveness, including age, shape, and size (Dove, 2010). Other advertisers have also been departing from the idealistic body type. In the Just Do It campaign, Nike features muscular, disembodied thighs and butts, labeled Thunder Thighs and Big Butt. These advertisements are very important to understanding the media representation and body image of the direction that society will be heading. It is important to take action with the media and society like represented with the Dove campaign, in order to try and change the trend and get women to love being who they are, no matter what their size, and love the uniqueness of their own body (Corbett, 2006). Another media outlet that should not go unnoticed is the digital media. In todays society this plays a very important role. A great example of this is shown through Doves Evolution video. The video starts off with what appears to be a normal woman and is magically transformed into a beautiful supermodel and placed on a billboard. By using a computer, the womans face is geometrically changed and made to look perfectly proportioned. The video shows people that absolutely perfect faces and bodies are not only rare but nonexistent in many cases (Postrel, 2007). In Madrid, one of the many popular fashion capitals, thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life womens bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. This project is hoped to help fight the perception that thin equals beautiful. Milan has also jumped on the idea and also banned ultra thin models from fashion week in 2006 in hopes that models will start to become more healthy sizes (Woolls, 2008). Twenty years ago, the average model weighed eight percent less than the average woman. Todays models weigh twenty three percent less. Advertisers are convinced that thin models sell products and that thin is in. When the Australian magazine New Woman recently included a picture of a heavy-set model on its cover, there was an instant backlash of grateful readers praising the change. The advertisers were less then pleased however. They complained and the magazine soon returned to featuring bone-thin models. Advertising Age International concluded that the incident made clear the influence wielded by advertisers who remain convinced that only thin models spur the sales of beauty products (Gerber, 2010). Mainstream media representations also plays a role in reinforcing ideas about what it means to be a real man in our society. Most media sources portray male characters as rewarding for self-control and controlling of others, aggressive and violent, financially independent, and physically desirability. Although distorted body images have been known to affect women and girls, there is a growing awareness regarding the pressure for men and boys to appear more muscular. Many males are becoming more insecure about their physical appearance due to advertising and other media images that raise the standard and idealize well-built men. Advertising images have been accused of setting unrealistic ideals for males, and men and boys are beginning to risk their health to achieve the well-built media standard (Eating disorders: Body image and advertising, 2008). Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of color, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream womens magazines from 1999 to 2004. An experiment was designed to view the effects of counter stereotypical portrayals on readers. The research showed that exposure to articles featuring counter stereotypical depictions of women of color tended to evaluate the occupational expectations of women of color among white readers but not people of color (Covert, 2008). In article on African American women and beauty ideals, it is stated that Black women are less vulnerable than white women to reacting negatively is they dont match the ideals pervading prime-time television shows and magazines, according to studies (Smith, 2004). African American women pay little attention to thin images of white women and have better body images than white women, though heavier and unhealthier. African American women have disregarded the idea of thin, pretty white woman as unattainable for themselves and as unimportant to others in the black community (Smith, 2004). It is also found in research that black women were less likely to exhibit signs of bulimia (Smith, 2004). When you think of sexy black women in the media, many would instantly think of Beyonce, Rihanna, or Tyra Banks. However, some would argue that though they are ethnically black, they are whiteified. Their hair has been dyed blonde, straightened hair, and even skin lightened. This is sending a negative message to the darker skinned African American women that they are not beautiful (How the media destroys black beauty, 2010). Some other examples of media sources lighting the skin of African American celebrities by using Photoshop and special lighting techniques is recently shown in Gabourey Sidibes Elle 25th Anniversary Cover. Though the magazine denies the accusations, this is not the first time this has been brought to everyones attention (Everett, 2010). Beyonce Knowles has also been represented several skin shades darker in her LOreal Paris magazine advertisements. Even after the company made a statement claiming this was untrue, many find this hard to believe (Guardian News Media , 2008). Other celebrities to undergo the supposed Photoshop skin lightening include OJ Simpson, Mariah Carey, and even President Obama. The message that media gives about thinness, dieting and beauty tells ordinary women that they are always in need of adjustment. The female body is looked at as an object to be perfected (Gerber, 2010). Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real womens bodies have become invisible in the mass media. This statement implies that the constant exposure of images and texts suggests the idea that the thinner a woman is, the better she is. This has a strong influence on women which then contributes to eating disorders and low self esteem issues. Kilbourne concludes that many women internalize these stereotypes and therefore judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards (Kilbourne, 2010). Some may blame society for accepting negative representation of media. However, it is going to take the media to make a change through better marketing choices and a better view of body image and self-esteem. We are bombarded with images of perfect women and men everyday, whether it is on our favorite television shows, movies, magazines and music. The majority of the women are tall, thin and beautiful and the men are muscular, tanned and seductive. People who do not fall within this media induced norm are left without models to look up to. Instead, they give in to the cosmetic and diet product industry and try to alter their bodies to what they have been told is beautiful. Adolescent girls and boys are constantly striving to acquire an unattainable physique. Across the nation, millions of teens struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions. With the help of Organizations like the About-Face Organization and programs like the Doves Campaign for Real Beauty, body image can s oon be embraced by men and women of all ages, sizes, and skin color. Work Cited Advertising: Its Everywhere. Media Awareness Network. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Body Image and the Media. The Canadian Womens Health Network. 2005. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Clark, L. and Tiggemann, M. (2006), Appearance Culture in Nine- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction. Social Development, 15: 628-643. Cummings, By Laura. BBC NEWS The Diet Business: Banking on Failure. BBC News Home. 5 Feb. 2003. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Campaign for Real Beauty. Dove. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Corbett, Rachel. Doves Larger Models Spur Sales and Attention. Womens ENews. 29 Jan. 2006. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Covert, J. J., and T. L. Dixon. A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines. Communication Research 35.2 (2008): 232-56. Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising HealthyPlace. HealthyPlace.com. 11 Dec. 2008. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Everett, Cristina. Elle Magazine Accused of Digitally Lightening Gabourey Sidibes Skin on October Cover. NY Daily News. 17 Sept. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Gerber, Robin. Beauty and Body Image in the Media. Media Awareness Network. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Guadian News Media. LOreal Denies whitening Beyonce Knowles Skin in Cosmetics Ad. Buzzle Web Portal. 8 Aug. 2008. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Gibbons, Sheila. Teen Magazines Send Girls All the Wrong Messages. Womens ENews. 29 Oct. 2003. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Greenwald, John, Valerie Marchant, and Jacqueline Savaiano. BARBIE BOOTS UP TIME. TIME.com. 11 Nov. 1996. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . How The Media Destroys Black Beauty | Socyberty. Socyberty: Society on the Web. 24 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Kilbourne, Jean. Beautyand the Beast of Advertising. Center for Media Literacy. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Kilbourne, Jean. Cant Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel. New York: Simon Schuster, 1999. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Postrel, Virginia. The Truth about Beauty. The Atlantic (2007): 1-3. Prior, Molly. Dove Ad Campaign Aims to Redefine Beauty Womens Wear Daily, October 8, 2004. Smith, Dakota. Black Women Ignore Many of Medias Beauty Ideals. Womens ENews. 10 June 2004. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Smith, Katie. Effect of the Media on Eating Disorders. Effect of the Media on Eating Disorders. 23 Nov. 1999. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Woolls, Daniel. Spain to Make Clothes for Real Women. USATODAY.com. 7 Feb. 2008. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. .